What best describes the Dawn phenomenon?

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Multiple Choice

What best describes the Dawn phenomenon?

Explanation:
Dawn phenomenon describes an early morning rise in fasting blood glucose, typically occurring between 2 and 8 am. This happens because circadian rhythms trigger a surge of counterregulatory hormones, especially growth hormone and cortisol, which stimulates the liver to release glucose. Insulin action may not fully counterbalance this surge, leading to higher fasting glucose when awakening. It’s different from morning hyperglycemia due to nocturnal hypoglycemia (Somogyi effect) and from a simple decrease in insulin needs at night.

Dawn phenomenon describes an early morning rise in fasting blood glucose, typically occurring between 2 and 8 am. This happens because circadian rhythms trigger a surge of counterregulatory hormones, especially growth hormone and cortisol, which stimulates the liver to release glucose. Insulin action may not fully counterbalance this surge, leading to higher fasting glucose when awakening. It’s different from morning hyperglycemia due to nocturnal hypoglycemia (Somogyi effect) and from a simple decrease in insulin needs at night.

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